Quantum information · finite environment

Coherence Returns.

Interference can disappear from a subsystem even while the complete quantum state remains pure. This lab makes that redistribution of information visible in a deliberately small, exactly controlled model.

Question: if a qubit becomes entangled with four environment qubits, what happens to its interference — and can it return if every entangling interaction is exactly reversed?
System1 qubit initially in |+⟩
Environment4 qubits initially in |0000⟩
Coherencec = ∏ cos αⱼ in this model
0.0 / 96.0 s
Drag the scene to rotate it. The film plays once; press Play to replay. The fourth coordinate is time, not an additional spatial dimension. The MP4 has sound; this offline browser edition is silent.
New chapter: environmental records and reversible decoherence

The added sequence (64–96 seconds) starts a new, ideal five-qubit experiment. A system initially in |+⟩ interacts with four environment qubits initially in |0⟩. The conditional interaction on fragment j is Uj = |0⟩⟨0| ⊗ I + |1⟩⟨1| ⊗ Ry(2αj). The colored arrows inside each environment glyph are its two conditional states, not two actual particles.

|Ψ⟩ = (|0⟩|0000⟩ + |1⟩⊗j(cos αj|0⟩ + sin αj|1⟩)) / √2
c = ∏j cos αj
Tr(ρS2) = (1 + c2) / 2
PX(+) = (1 + c) / 2

For equal pointer priors, the optimum probability of distinguishing a fragment's conditional states is (1 + sin αj) / 2 over the angle range shown. This is an ideal model probability, not experimental data. The global pure-state purity stays one. Its individual subsystems can be mixed because they are entangled.

Reversing E4 alone leaves three records; the remaining product of overlaps is still small. Reversing every controlled gate in reverse order restores the original product state. This demonstrates reversibility in a fully controlled, isolated finite model. It does not imply that arbitrary laboratory decoherence is easy to reverse, that records can be deleted for free, or that time itself runs backward.

The experiment contains no fitted universal threshold, speculative classicalization ratio, fabricated data, or claim of new physics. Camera paths and connections are display choices, not the spatial motion of a qubit.

Background: IBM Quantum: channels, joint systems and partial trace; W. H. Zurek: Quantum Darwinism. The explicit five-qubit example above is the model used in this film; it is not a laboratory demonstration.

The physics behind the original film

The sphere represents the three Bloch coordinates of an ideal two-level quantum state. It is not a particle orbit, a photographed wave function, or a literal laboratory apparatus. The lower energy basis state |0⟩ is at the north pole by the usual Bloch convention; sphere height is not energy.

The prepared state is Rᵧ(π/2)|0⟩. A controlled relative phase ends at φ = 7π/3, equivalent to π/3. The analysis is Rᵧ(−π/2), so P(0) = (1 + cos φ)/2 = 3/4. Rotations and probability displays are computed from this state at every frame. The single readout is an illustrative ideal projective update, not a proposed mechanism of collapse. The 100-shot raster uses seeded classical samples of P(0) = 0.75 from independently re-prepared copies.

The coherent-versus-mixture comparison is a NEW preparation: |+⟩ against I/2. Both initially give equal Z-basis probabilities. The same analysis pulse maps |+⟩ to |0⟩ but leaves I/2 unchanged. The comparison shows exact model probabilities, not finite-shot frequencies.

The final sequence starts with a NEW |+⟩ preparation under a pure-dephasing channel and phase evolution. With τ = t/T₂, c = exp(−τ) and φ = (4π/3)τ, r = (c cos φ, c sin φ, 0). Purity = (1 + |r|²)/2. The state-history helix projects (r_x,r_y,r_z=0,τ) into three display coordinates. Its vertical axis is elapsed time. There is no universal classicalization threshold, speculative prediction, or experimental discovery in this film.

ρ = ½(I + r · σ)
ρ₀₁ = ½(r_x − i r_y)
P_Z(0) = ½(1 + r_z)

Pulse carrier motion, glow, camera motion, timing and the decorative stage are illustration choices. All measurement samples are simulated. The MP4 soundtrack is synthesized sound design, not the sound of a quantum system.

Sources: IBM Quantum: superposition and interference; IBM Quantum: RY gate; IBM Quantum: quantum channels and dephasing.

Scientific boundary: this is an ideal finite-unitary teaching model, not experimental footage and not a claim that macroscopic decoherence is generally easy to reverse. Exact reversal works here because the complete interaction is known and controlled. The visualization shows quantum-state relationships and correlations, not literal particle trajectories.